Манипуляторы сознанием - Шиллер Герберт - Страница 81

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45 Urho Kekkonen. "The free flow of information: towards a re- consideration of national and international flow of television program- mes. University of Tampere, May 21, 1973.

Глава третья

1 Kaarle Nordenstreng and Herbert l. Schiller. Helsinki: the new equation. — "Journal of Communication", 1976, 26 (1), pp. 130— 134.

2 Analysis of problems and table of objectives to be used as a basis for medium — term planning (1977—1982). Document 18 c/4. Paris, UNESCO, 1974, p. 28.

3 Leonard H. Marks. International conflict and the free flow of information. — "Control of the direct broadcast satellite: values in conflict". Palo Alto, 1974, p. 66.

4 Ibid., p. 68.

5 Frederick W. Frey. Communications and development. — Ithiel de Sola Pool et al (Eds.) Handbook of communications. Chi- cago, 1973, p. 400.

6 "Statistics on radio and television, 1950—1960n and "Statistical Yearbook, 1962". Paris, UNESCO.

7 Iskandar Alisjahbana. 'Technology and development", paper presented at International Broadcast Institute general meeting. Mexico City, September 1—5, 1974.

8 Nicholas Garnham. "Trojan horses: some socio-political implications of communication technology", paper presented at International Broadcast Institute general meeting. Mexico City, Sept. 1—5,1974.

9 Raymond Williams. Television: technology and cultural form. London, 1974, pp. 13, 19.

10 Dallas Smythe. After bicycles what? 1973 (mimeograhed).

11 N. Garnham, op. cit.

12 Barry Commoner. The closing circle. New York, 1972, pp. 266— 267.

13 Stanton A. Glantz and Norm V. Albers. Department of defence reserch and development in the university. — Science", 1974, 186 (4165), p. 706.

14 Ibid., p. 710.

15 Herbert I. Schiller. Mass communication and American empire. New York, 1969.

16 Joseph N. Pelton. INTELSAT: politics and functionalism. Mt. 1974, p. 158.

17 N. Garnham, op. cit.

18 David Dickson. Alternative technology. Glasgow, 1974.

19 John Lent. "Mass media in the developing world: four conundrums", paper presented before the International Association for Mass Communication Research. Leipzig, September 12—20, 1974, p. 4.

20 Nicholas Wade. Green revolution II. Problems of adapting a western technology. — "Science", 1974, 186 (4170), pp. 1186 — 1192.

21 "The international herald tribune", March 23 — 24, 1974.

22 Tabita M. Powledge. Dangerous research and public obligation. — "The New York Times", August 24, 1974.

23 Leon R. К ass. The new biology: what price relieving man's estate? — "Science", 1971, 174 (4011), pp. 779—788.

24 Ibid., p. 786.

25 Hamid M owl ana. The multinational corporation and the diffusion of technology. — A. A. Said (Ed.). The new sovereigns: multinational corporations as world powers. New Jersey, 1975, p. 83.

26 Kathleen Teltsch. Space plans frustrate the have — nots. — "The New York Times", May 14, 1972, p. 13.

27 Gunnar Adler-Karlsson. The political economy of east — west — south cooperation (unpublished manuscript from Wiener Institut fur Internationale Wirtschaftswergleichs), 1974, p. 57.

28 Frantz Fanon. The wretched of the earth. New York, 1965, pp. 253—255.

29 D. Smythe, op. cit.

30 Iskandar Alisfahbana, op. cit., p. 10.

31 Juan E. Corradi. Cultural dependence and the sociology of Knowlenge: the Latin American case. — "International journal of con- temporary sociology", 1971, 8(1), pp. 48—49.

32 Голосование по этому поводу в ООН и ЮНЕСКО в 1973 и 1974 гг. неизменно приводило к тому, что Соединенные Штаты ока- вывались в почти полной изоляции. В докладе, отражающем американскую позицию, отмечалось* "Настаивая на том, чтобы не было никакого международного соглашения, Соединенные Штаты оказались в изоляции, а в некоторых странах к ним стали относиться даже враждебно. Позиция США по этому поводу не встретила поддержки ни в одной стране, даже из числа тех, которые высоко ценят свободный поток информации и идей" (Paul L. Laskin and Abram Chayes. A brief history of the issues. In: "Control of the direct broadcast satellite: values in conflict", op. cit., op. 3—14).

33 Edwin B. Parker. Technology assessment or institutional changes? — G. Gerbner, L. Gross and W. Melody (Eds.). Communications technology and social policy. New York, 1973, p. 541.

34 "Science", 1975, 188 (4185), p. 213.

Глава четвертая

1 Edwin В. Parker. Social implications of computer/telecommunications systems. Draft of paper prepared for session "A" of the conference on computer/telecommunications, committee for scientific and technological policy, organization for economic cooperation and development. Paris, february 4—6, 1975.

2 Government of Finland, office of the council of state, Gune 1972.

3 "The New York Times", January 25, 1975.

4 Report of the meeting of experts on communications policies and planning, July 1972, document COM/MD2/4. Paris, UNESCO, decern ber 1972.

5 Communications policies in Hungary, Ireland, Sweden, Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Germany. Paris, UNESCO, 1974.

6 International broadcast institute. Considerations for a European communications policy. London, 1973.

7 Robert Wangermee. Television, new broadcasting techniques and cultural development". Memorandum, document CCC/FES (72) 98, Strasbourg, council of Europe, October 9, 1972.

8 "The labor party". — "Tne people and the media". London, 1974.

9 Programme commune de gouvernement de la Parti Communiste Francaise et de la Parti Socialiste (27 juny 1972). Paris, 1972.

10 Communications policy workshop, ICODES (instituto Colombia desararollo social). Bogota, february 23—28, 1975 (mimeographed).

11 Revolution africaine, 1973, № 499, 14—20 September.

12 Ibid.

13 Proposals for a communications policy for Canada. Ottawa, march 1973.

14 Thomas Guback. Cultural identity and film in the European economic community, paper presented at conference "Film in Europe", London, February 21—23, 1974.

15 Kaarle Nordenstreng and Tapio Varis. Television traffic — a one—way street? — "Report and papers on mass communication", 70. Paris, UNESCO, 1974.

16 International economic report of the president, transmitted to congress february 7, 1974. Washington, D. C, 1974, p. 70.

17 Ithiel de Sola Pool. The rise of communications policy research.— "Journal of communication", 1974, 24 (2), pp. 31—42,

18 Raymond Williams. Television: technology and cultural form. London, 1974, p. 19.

19 Social indicators 1973, executive office of the president, office of management and budget. Washington, D. C, 1973, p. 225.

20 F. Kemper*. Democratization and participation in the dutch press, paper presented before the international association for mass communication research. Leipzig, September 12—20, 1974.

21 Meeting of international advisory panel on communication research Paris, UNESCO, October 15—19, 1973. "Communication research policies and planning*' (mimeographed working paper). Paris, UNESCO, October 1973, p. 3.

22 Report of the meeting of experts on communications policies and planning, op. cit.

23 See the discussion on public opinion polls in: Herbert 1. Schiller. The mind Managers. Boston, 1973.

24 Kaarle Nordenstreng. Comprehensive communications policies—an example from Finland. Tampere, 1974 (mimeographed).

25 Ithiel de Sola Pooh op. cit.

26 Ithiel de Sola Pool. Direct broadcast satellites and the integrity of national culture.—In: Control of the direct broadcast satellite: values in conflict. Palo alto, 1974; D. Lerner% F. Frey and W. Schramm in: Handbook of communication. Chicago, 1973.